Simulations of Three-dimensional Second Grade Fluid Flow Analysis in Converging-Diverging Nozzle

An analysing flow pattern in a converging-diverging nozzle has been one of interesting topic in computational fluid dynamics. There are numerous applications of this flow phenomenon in aerospace and engineering sciences. Such processes are difficult to handle analytically due to complex mathematical model associated to the flow and ensuing instabilities carried by flow parameters. Looking back to the history Jaffery and Hamel, in their studies considered the converging diverging channel steady two dimensional Newtonian fluid flow. 

They observed quiet interesting results by treating Navier-Stokes equations with similarity transforms. Further developments were presented in Schlichtinh and Batchelor based on the boundary layer approximations. Makinde examined the in compressible Newtonian fluid flow by incorporation of linearly diverging symmetrical channel. Recently, Zarqa et al. performed approximate analytical analysis using Adomian decomposition method for a channel with variable diverging ratio. It is evident by several studies that the mechanism of such flows is characterized due the fact that shocks instabilities are produced within the flow domain. 

Is judiciary is politicized? Check this critical research

Much has been written about the decline in the public perception of the U.S. Supreme Court and the judicial branch. Americans believe politics played “too great a role” in the original health care cases surrounding the Affordable Care Act by a greater than two-to one margin. Over sixty percent of Americans express no too little confidence in the Supreme Court. Academics continue to debate how much politics actually influences the Court, but Americans are excessively skeptical. 

The vast majority of Americans fail to know that, on average, almost half of the cases brought before the Supreme Court are decided unanimously, and the Justices’ voting pattern split by the political party of the president to whom they owe their appointment in fewer than seven percent of cases. Why the mistrust? We argue that Americans have increasingly viewed the government as being guided by interests outside of the general good.